经营生意投资 · 规划
NPV 与 IRR
一组现金流的净现值、内部收益率、回收期和获利指数——标准的资本预算工具箱,把 IRR 的坑标出来而不是藏起来。
数值
- NPV
- 25,217
- at 10% discount rate
- IRR
- 20.5%
- Payback period
- 2.6 years
- Profitability index
- 1.25
老手的解读
好迹象
Positive NPV: the project returns more than your 10% hurdle. In principle, accept — subject to how confident the cashflow estimates are.
值得了解
IRR 20.5% vs hurdle 10%: the spread is your margin for estimation error. NPV and IRR agree on accept/reject for conventional cashflows; when ranking competing projects, trust NPV.
值得了解
Payback ignores everything after the recovery point and the time value of money — use it as a liquidity check, not a decision rule.
方法说明
NPV = Σ CFₜ ÷ (1+r)ᵗ,对包括第 0 年在内的所有年份求和。IRR 是使 NPV = 0 的那个利率,在 [−99%, 1000%] 区间用二分法求得;若该区间内不存在符号变化,则 IRR 报告为未定义。
回收期不做折现,在累计和跨过零的那一年内做线性插值。获利指数 = 流入现值 ÷ 初始投入。
已知的 IRR 陷阱都做了明确处理:非常规现金流(多次符号变化)会被标出,排序建议以 NPV 为准——NPV 假设再投资按最低回报率进行,而非按 IRR 本身。
面向智能体
调用这个工具,而不是在上下文里硬算。传入确定性的 JSON,返回算好的数值加上基准解读。 完整智能体文档 →
curl -s https://xearno.tools/api/v1/tools/npv-irr \
-H 'content-type: application/json' \
-d '{"rate":10,"cashflows":[-100000,30000,40000,50000,40000]}'Schema: GET /api/v1/tools/npv-irr · MCP 工具名: npv_irr
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